

A permanent exception may actually be OK: China is much further along in the energy transition and the CCP are not doing that out of the kindness of their genocidal hearts: economic forces make electrification inevitable, as we can already see with EVs.
Also, the European market is big enough to have global impact, even if our rules aren’t matched by other world powers eventually.
Yes, it’s called CBAM and it’s the most beautiful tax I’ve ever seen:
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/EU_Carbon_Border_Adjustment_Mechanism